The Historical Town of Cowra

The Historical Town of Cowra

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Posted 2025-01-16 by Cris follow
Cowra is a charming town located in the central western region of New South Wales, Australia, known for its rich agricultural landscape and vibrant community. What makes Cowra particularly special is its profound historical significance, particularly during World War II, when it served as the site of a prisoner-of-war camp. This camp housed Italian and Japanese POWs, and it was here that a notable escape attempt occurred in 1944, which remains a pivotal event in the town's history. Today, Cowra is deeply embedded with this unique heritage, featuring memorials, heritage-listed sites, a stunning Japanese garden and an annual festival held in spring and cultural experiences that honour its past, making it a fascinating destination for history enthusiasts and visitors alike.

The town of Cowra, nestled in the picturesque Central Slopes region of New South Wales, is approximately a four-hour drive west of Sydney, covering 305 kilometres, and about 12 hours from Brisbane, at 1,141 kilometres. With a population that grew from 12,460 in the 2016 Census to 12,724 in 2021. Despite its remoteness as a small agricultural town, Cowra has withstood the test of time not only maintaining their population but also increasing their numbers.

Located near the serene Lachlan River, Cowra enjoys a Mediterranean-like climate that nurtures a diverse agricultural landscape. The region thrives in producing cereals, grapes, nuts, vegetables, eggs, and wool. At the forefront of agricultural innovation is the Cowra Agriculture Research and Advisory Station, which has a long-standing history of enhancing lamb farming practices, particularly through genetic improvements.

Cowra Pow Water Tank Murals is just off Evans Street in Cowra POW camp


With its vineyards, grazing lands, and a variety of successful farming ventures, Cowra has earned its reputation as a 'food bowl' for New South Wales and beyond.

Cowra is not just a hub of agriculture; it is also a vibrant community rich in culture. The town boasts a lively scene of restaurants, cafes, galleries, and craft shops, making it an inviting destination for travellers and tourists alike.

Yet, what truly sets Cowra apart is its unique historical narrative. During World War II, it served as a prisoner of war-camp, a significant chapter that has shaped the town's identity. Today, remnants of this history are woven into the fabric of Cowra, creating a rich tapestry that blends its agricultural prosperity with a profound connection to the past.

Hologram of History
To embark on a journey through Cowra's profound connection to its World War II history, a visit to the Cowra Information Centre is highly recommended. Here, you'll encounter Claire, a local girl brought to life as a hologram, who shares the gripping tale of the Cowra Breakout. In a captivating nine-minute presentation, Claire recounts the harrowing events surrounding the prisoner-of-war camp, all within a theatre designed to replicate a hut from that very camp.

The sign at the Cowra POW camp provides a comprehensive overview of the site's historical significance. It contrasts the camp's layout during its operation with its current state, featuring a detailed map that divides the area into sections labelled A, B, C, and D. The "Then" section highlights the camp's original purpose and the experiences of the prisoners, while the "Now" section outlines its transformation into a heritage site, preserving the memory of the past. The sign also emphasizes the importance of the 1944 breakout, a pivotal event in the camp's history


The Cowra Visitor Information Centre is conveniently located on the Mid Western Highway, on the western side of town, just before you cross the picturesque bridge over the Lachlan River. This is the perfect starting point for anyone eager to delve into the rich history and stories that define Cowra.

Cherry Blossom Trees

An enchanting avenue of approximately 2,000 cherry blossom trees is being planted along a picturesque route that stretches 5 kilometres from Lancaster Drive, near the Japanese Cemetery, to the Japanese Gardens, passing by the historic site of the Prisoner of War Camp. This project, which began in July 1988, is made possible through generous donations from Japan. Each tree will bear a plaque engraved with the names of the donors and a local Cowra student, creating a living tribute that connects the two nations.

Cherry trees bloom abundantly throughout the town of Cowra, creating a vibrant spectacle each spring. Their delicate pink and white blossoms transform the landscape into a picturesque scene


In addition to this stunning display, visitors to Cowra can explore the unique Japanese War Cemetery located on Doncaster Drive. Established at the request of the Japanese government in 1963, this cemetery serves as a poignant reminder of the past and highlights the enduring bond between Australia and Japan. It stands as a special site of reflection and remembrance for people from around the world.
The entry of the Japanese cemetery


A Historic Breakout

Not far from Doncaster Drive lies the heritage-listed site of the Cowra Prisoner of War Camp. Today, only the remnants of its original buildings are visible, their foundations nestled gently into the green slopes of the area. A winding path meanders through the camp ruins, where informative signs and installations pay tribute to the prisoners of war who endured their time here.

The remnants of the Cowra POW camp provide a poignant glimpse into its past, with concrete foundations and structures serving as silent witnesses to the lives once lived within these confines. These relics evoke a sense of history, reminding visitors of the camp's role during World War II and the diverse experiences of the prisoners held there. Set against the backdrop of the surrounding landscape, the ruins invite reflection on the complexities of war, memory, and resilience, offering a tangible connection to a significant chapter in Cowra's heritage


Constructed between 1941 and 1942, the Cowra Prisoner of War Camp initially housed Italian POWs captured in North Africa during World War II. Over time, it also accommodated Japanese prisoners, as well as those from Korea, Indonesia, Taiwan, Java, and Germany. This site is notable for a significant event in Australian history, unique in its genre.

Today it is possible to see fruit trees in POW Camp in Cowra


On August 5, 1944, a dramatic escape unfolded as 1,100 Japanese POWs broke free from the compound, marking one of the largest prison breaks in history.

One of the buildings in the POW Camp in Cowra


Today, the Cowra Prisoner of War Camp offers a serene space for reflection, located in the northern part of town and easily accessible from Evans Street. Scattered ruins remain, with visible features such as standing buildings, concrete floors, and piers. The outlines of foundations levelled building platforms, roads, drainage lines, and garden borders are still discernible, along with trees that have stood sentinel over the past. This tranquil site invites visitors to contemplate the complex history it represents.

Echoes of Resilience

These four striking panels offer a poignant glimpse into the diverse experiences within the Cowra Prisoner of War camp during its six-year existence from 1941 to 1947. Each panel tells a unique story, capturing the essence of the lives intertwined in this historic site.

On one panel, an Australian soldier stands sentinel, embodying the vigilance and duty that characterized the camp’s atmosphere. His presence serves as a reminder of the complexities of war and the responsibilities born by those who served.

Next to him, a lively scene unfolds as Japanese prisoners engage in a spirited game of baseball. This image reflects the resilience and camaraderie that flourished even in confinement, highlighting how sport became a vital means of connection and expression.

The four panels vividly depict the diverse experiences at the Cowra Prisoner of War camp from 1941 to 1947, showcasing an Australian soldier, Japanese baseball players, Italian musicians, and Indonesian mothers with their children, each highlighting the resilience and humanity found within the confines of war


The third panel celebrates the Italian prisoners, showcasing their deep love for music. With instruments in hand, they evoke a sense of joy and nostalgia, reminding us that even in challenging circumstances, the human spirit seeks solace in creativity and culture.

Finally, the fourth panel tenderly portrays Indonesian mothers and their children, emphasizing the familial bonds that persisted amidst adversity. This intimate depiction serves as a powerful reminder of the hopes and dreams that lingered in the hearts of those affected by war.

Together, these panels create a rich tapestry of stories, honouring the diverse backgrounds and experiences of the individuals who once called the Cowra POW camp home. They stand as a testament to resilience, connection, and the enduring power of the human spirit.

Sakura Avenue

Sakura Avenue links the beautiful Japanese Gardens and the POW camp, creating a serene connection to the historic POW Campsite nearby. Each spring, this charming road transforms into a breathtaking wonderland, as rows of cherry trees burst into a vibrant display of blossoms. The delicate pink and white petals dance in the gentle breeze, painting the landscape in hues of soft pastels.

During this magical season, Sakura Avenue becomes one of the town's most cherished highlights, drawing visitors and locals alike to revel in its beauty. The fragrant air and picturesque scenery invite moments of reflection and joy, making it a perfect spot to celebrate the arrival of spring.

If you enjoy walking, you can explore all the significant sites in Cowra at your own pace. This leisurely stroll offers a unique perspective on the cherry trees, the historical POW camp, and the serene Japanese Garden


Sakura Matsuri: Celebrating Cherry Blossoms in Cowra

Every year, the town of Cowra comes alive with the Sakura Matsuri Cherry Blossom Festival . This vibrant event features a variety of activities, including bonsai workshops, captivating performances by Taiko drummers, and demonstrations of sumo wrestling and Japanese archery. Visitors can also enjoy sword demonstrations, origami, martial arts displays, and traditional arts like kintsugi and ikebana, alongside serene tea ceremonies.

Cherry blossoms; photo from https://secretsydney.com/sakura-matsuri-cherry-blossom-festival/


With numerous stallholders offering delicious food and unique goods, there's something for everyone. The festival is designed to be a fun-filled day for the entire family, making it a cherished highlight of Cowra's cultural calendar.

Cowra Japanese Garden

The Cowra Japanese Garden, a stunning tribute to the deep bond between Cowra and Japan, opened its gates in 1979. Designed by the renowned Japanese architect Nakajima Takeshi, the garden embodies the core principles of traditional Japanese gardening: harmony, respect, purity, and tranquillity.

As visitors wander through this serene oasis, they are greeted by the soothing sounds of water flowing through two sparkling lakes and meandering streams. Among its many special features are an authentic Tea House and a charming Bonsai House, inviting guests to pause and reflect on the beauty surrounding them.

Japanese Garden, photo from www.facebook.com/CowraJapaneseGarden


Throughout the year, the garden showcases a vibrant tapestry of trees and flowers that shift with the seasons, displaying hues of blue, white, and yellow. The landscape is a delightful blend of native Australian and Japanese flora, creating an enchanting atmosphere that captivates all who visit.

The garden is also a haven for wildlife, attracting a diverse array of birds. Visitors may spot Australian wood ducks, cormorants, herons, galahs, rainbow lorikeets, and the striking Australian king parrot as they flit among the blossoms.

Aspect of the Japanese Garden, photo from www.facebook.com/VisitCowra


At the nearby Cultural Centre, a collection of precious items donated by the Japanese government and private individuals adds further depth to the experience, reflecting the rich cultural exchange between the two nations.

Strolling along the winding paths, guests can immerse themselves in the tranquillity of the garden and even take a moment to feed the koi fish that glide gracefully through the waters. For those seeking a delightful refreshment, a cosy café awaits, offering a tempting breakfast menu until 11 AM, along with sandwiches, wraps, fruit salads, coffee, and an array of delectable cakes available throughout the day.

The New Murals of Cowra

Perched atop a scenic hill and overlooking the historic Cowra POW Campsite, two newly unveiled murals create a striking visual narrative across the Wiradjuri countryside. These vibrant artworks are the brainchild of acclaimed Australian artists: Joel Fergie of The Zookeeper, Travis Vinson from DRAPL, and the dynamic duo Steven Falco and Jordan Bruce of Brightsiders. Their creation was made possible through the NSW Government’s Public Spaces Legacy Program, highlighting a commitment to enriching community spaces.

The colourful murals stand out prominently atop the hill, their vivid hues contrasting beautifully with the tall grass surrounding them


Following their successful collaboration on the Cowra Civic Centre and the Laneway Murals, the artists engaged in multiple consultation sessions to determine the themes for these monumental tanks. The result is a captivating exploration of Cowra's rich history, intricately woven into the fabric of the murals.

One tank brings to life the spirit of Wiradjuri youth, beautifully depicted as they engage with the Galari Bila (Lachlan River) and the surrounding countryside. This vibrant scene celebrates the deep connection between the land and its people.

Overlooking Cowra POW Camp


The second tank delves into the poignant history of the POW camp, shedding light on the site’s legacy from its establishment between 1941 and 1944. This mural serves as a powerful reminder of the stories embedded within the Peace Precinct, inviting reflection on the past while fostering hope for the future.

Located at the Cowra Peace Precinct on Evans Street, these murals not only enhance the landscape but also breathe new life into the narratives of this historic region, making them a must-see for visitors and locals alike.

A Mosaic of Cultures and Heritage

Cowra is a remarkable town woven from threads of history and natural beauty. The significant sites, from the poignant memories of the POW camp to the vibrant cherry blossoms and the tranquil Japanese Garden, each tell a unique story that enriches the town's cultural heritage.

As you wander through these landmarks, you not only gain insight into Cowra's past but also experience the spirit of connection with other countries that define the community. Together, these sites invite visitors to reflect, appreciate, and celebrate the rich legacy that continues to thrive.

Jacaranda trees in Cowra


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References

2016 Census All persons
Cowra 2021 Census
Cowra Visitor Information Centre
Cowra Japanese War Cemetery
POW Camp
Cowra Japanese Garden and Cultural Centre
Cowra Japanese Garden Cafe
Australian Silo Art Trail
Hiking South East Qld and More

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